binaryninja/headless.rs
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// Copyright 2021-2025 Vector 35 Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
use crate::{
binary_view, bundled_plugin_directory, enterprise, is_license_validated, is_main_thread,
license_path, set_bundled_plugin_directory, set_license, string::IntoJson,
};
use std::io;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize};
use thiserror::Error;
use crate::main_thread::{MainThreadAction, MainThreadHandler};
use crate::progress::ProgressCallback;
use crate::rc::Ref;
use binaryninjacore_sys::{BNInitPlugins, BNInitRepoPlugins};
use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::thread::JoinHandle;
use std::time::Duration;
static MAIN_THREAD_HANDLE: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>> = Mutex::new(None);
/// Prevent two threads from calling init() at the same time
static INIT_LOCK: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
/// Used to prevent shutting down Binary Ninja if there are other [`Session`]'s.
static SESSION_COUNT: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
/// If we checked out a floating license and should release it on shutdown
static NEED_LICENSE_RELEASE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum InitializationError {
#[error("main thread could not be started: {0}")]
MainThreadNotStarted(#[from] io::Error),
#[error("enterprise license checkout failed: {0:?}")]
FailedEnterpriseCheckout(#[from] enterprise::EnterpriseCheckoutError),
#[error("invalid license")]
InvalidLicense,
#[error("no license could located, please see `binaryninja::set_license` for details")]
NoLicenseFound,
#[error("could not acquire initialization mutex")]
InitMutex,
}
/// Loads plugins, core architecture, platform, etc.
///
/// ⚠️ Important! Must be called at the beginning of scripts. Plugins do not need to call this. ⚠️
///
/// You can instead call this through [`Session`].
///
/// If you need to customize initialization, use [`init_with_opts`] instead.
pub fn init() -> Result<(), InitializationError> {
let options = InitializationOptions::default();
init_with_opts(options)
}
/// Unloads plugins, stops all worker threads, and closes open logs.
///
/// If the core was initialized using an enterprise license, that will also be freed.
///
/// ⚠️ Important! Must be called at the end of scripts. ⚠️
pub fn shutdown() {
match crate::product().as_str() {
"Binary Ninja Enterprise Client" | "Binary Ninja Ultimate" => {
if NEED_LICENSE_RELEASE.load(SeqCst) {
enterprise::release_license()
}
}
_ => {}
}
unsafe { binaryninjacore_sys::BNShutdown() };
// TODO: We might want to drop the main thread here, however that requires getting the handler ctx to drop the sender.
}
pub fn is_shutdown_requested() -> bool {
unsafe { binaryninjacore_sys::BNIsShutdownRequested() }
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct InitializationOptions {
/// A license to override with, you can use this to make sure you initialize with a specific license.
pub license: Option<String>,
/// If you need to make sure that you do not check out a license set this to false.
///
/// This is really only useful if you have a headless license but are using an enterprise enabled core.
pub checkout_license: bool,
/// Whether to register the default main thread handler.
///
/// Set this to false if you have your own main thread handler.
pub register_main_thread_handler: bool,
/// How long you want to check out for.
pub floating_license_duration: Duration,
/// The bundled plugin directory to use.
pub bundled_plugin_directory: PathBuf,
/// Whether to initialize user plugins.
///
/// Set this to false if your use might be impacted by a user installed plugin.
pub user_plugins: bool,
/// Whether to initialize repo plugins.
///
/// Set this to false if your use might be impacted by a repo installed plugin.
pub repo_plugins: bool,
}
impl InitializationOptions {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self::default()
}
/// A license to override with, you can use this to make sure you initialize with a specific license.
///
/// This takes the form of a JSON array. The string should be formed like:
/// ```json
/// [{ /* json object with license data */ }]
/// ```
pub fn with_license(mut self, license: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
self.license = Some(license.into());
self
}
/// If you need to make sure that you do not check out a license set this to false.
///
/// This is really only useful if you have a headless license but are using an enterprise enabled core.
pub fn with_license_checkout(mut self, should_checkout: bool) -> Self {
self.checkout_license = should_checkout;
self
}
/// Whether to register the default main thread handler.
///
/// Set this to false if you have your own main thread handler.
pub fn with_main_thread_handler(mut self, should_register: bool) -> Self {
self.register_main_thread_handler = should_register;
self
}
/// How long you want to check out for, only used if you are using a floating license.
pub fn with_floating_license_duration(mut self, duration: Duration) -> Self {
self.floating_license_duration = duration;
self
}
/// Set this to false if your use might be impacted by a user installed plugin.
pub fn with_user_plugins(mut self, should_initialize: bool) -> Self {
self.user_plugins = should_initialize;
self
}
/// Set this to false if your use might be impacted by a repo installed plugin.
pub fn with_repo_plugins(mut self, should_initialize: bool) -> Self {
self.repo_plugins = should_initialize;
self
}
}
impl Default for InitializationOptions {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
license: None,
checkout_license: true,
register_main_thread_handler: true,
floating_license_duration: Duration::from_secs(900),
bundled_plugin_directory: bundled_plugin_directory()
.expect("Failed to get bundled plugin directory"),
user_plugins: false,
repo_plugins: false,
}
}
}
/// This initializes the core with the given [`InitializationOptions`].
pub fn init_with_opts(options: InitializationOptions) -> Result<(), InitializationError> {
// If we are the main thread that means there is no main thread, we should register a main thread handler.
if options.register_main_thread_handler && is_main_thread() {
let mut main_thread_handle = MAIN_THREAD_HANDLE.lock().unwrap();
if main_thread_handle.is_none() {
let (sender, receiver) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
let main_thread = HeadlessMainThreadSender::new(sender);
// This thread will act as our main thread.
let join_handle = std::thread::Builder::new()
.name("HeadlessMainThread".to_string())
.spawn(move || {
// We must register the main thread within said thread.
main_thread.register();
while let Ok(action) = receiver.recv() {
action.execute();
}
})?;
// Set the static MAIN_THREAD_HANDLER so that we can close the thread on shutdown.
*main_thread_handle = Some(join_handle);
}
}
match crate::product().as_str() {
"Binary Ninja Enterprise Client" | "Binary Ninja Ultimate" => {
if options.checkout_license {
// We are allowed to check out a license, so do it!
if enterprise::checkout_license(options.floating_license_duration)? {
NEED_LICENSE_RELEASE.store(true, SeqCst);
}
}
}
_ => {}
}
if let Some(license) = options.license {
// We were given a license override, use it!
set_license(Some(license));
}
set_bundled_plugin_directory(options.bundled_plugin_directory);
unsafe {
BNInitPlugins(options.user_plugins);
if options.repo_plugins {
// We are allowed to initialize repo plugins, so do it!
BNInitRepoPlugins();
}
}
if !is_license_validated() {
// Unfortunately you must have a valid license to use Binary Ninja.
Err(InitializationError::InvalidLicense)
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct HeadlessMainThreadSender {
sender: Sender<Ref<MainThreadAction>>,
}
impl HeadlessMainThreadSender {
pub fn new(sender: Sender<Ref<MainThreadAction>>) -> Self {
Self { sender }
}
}
impl MainThreadHandler for HeadlessMainThreadSender {
fn add_action(&self, action: Ref<MainThreadAction>) {
self.sender
.send(action)
.expect("Failed to send action to main thread");
}
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub enum LicenseLocation {
/// The license used when initializing will be the environment variable `BN_LICENSE`.
EnvironmentVariable,
/// The license used when initializing will be the file in the Binary Ninja user directory.
File,
/// The license is retrieved using keychain credentials for `BN_ENTERPRISE_USERNAME`.
Keychain,
}
/// Attempts to identify the license location type, this follows the same order as core initialization.
///
/// This is useful if you want to know whether the core will use your license. If this returns `None`
/// you should look setting the `BN_LICENSE` environment variable, or calling [`set_license`].
pub fn license_location() -> Option<LicenseLocation> {
match std::env::var("BN_LICENSE") {
Ok(_) => Some(LicenseLocation::EnvironmentVariable),
Err(_) => {
// Check the license_path to see if a file is there.
if license_path().exists() {
Some(LicenseLocation::File)
} else {
// Check to see if we might be authorizing with enterprise
if crate::product().as_str() == "Binary Ninja Enterprise Client"
|| crate::product().as_str() == "Binary Ninja Ultimate"
{
// If we can't initialize enterprise, we probably are missing enterprise.server.url
// and our license surely is not valid.
if !enterprise::is_server_initialized() && !enterprise::initialize_server() {
return None;
}
// If Enterprise thinks we are using a floating license, then report it will be in the keychain
if enterprise::is_server_floating_license() {
Some(LicenseLocation::Keychain)
} else {
None
}
} else {
None
}
}
}
}
}
/// Wrapper for [`init`] and [`shutdown`]. Instantiating this at the top of your script will initialize everything correctly and then clean itself up at exit as well.
pub struct Session {
index: usize,
}
impl Session {
/// Get a registered [`Session`] for use.
///
/// This is required so that we can keep track of the [`SESSION_COUNT`].
fn registered_session() -> Self {
let previous_count = SESSION_COUNT.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
Self {
index: previous_count,
}
}
/// Before calling new you must make sure that the license is retrievable, otherwise the core won't be able to initialize.
///
/// If you cannot otherwise provide a license via `BN_LICENSE_FILE` environment variable or the Binary Ninja user directory
/// you can call [`Session::new_with_opts`] instead of this function.
pub fn new() -> Result<Self, InitializationError> {
if license_location().is_some() {
// We were able to locate a license, continue with initialization.
// Grab the lock before initialization to prevent another thread from initializing
// and racing the call to BNInitPlugins.
let _lock = INIT_LOCK
.lock()
.map_err(|_| InitializationError::InitMutex)?;
let session = Self::registered_session();
// Since this whole section is locked, we're guaranteed to be index 0 if we're first.
// Only the first thread hitting this should be allowed to call BNInitPlugins
if session.index == 0 {
init()?;
}
Ok(session)
} else {
// There was no license that could be automatically retrieved, you must call [Self::new_with_license].
Err(InitializationError::NoLicenseFound)
}
}
/// Initialize with options, the same rules apply as [`Session::new`], see [`InitializationOptions::default`] for the regular options passed.
///
/// This differs from [`Session::new`] in that it does not check to see if there is a license that the core
/// can discover by itself, therefor it is expected that you know where your license is when calling this directly.
pub fn new_with_opts(options: InitializationOptions) -> Result<Self, InitializationError> {
// Grab the lock before initialization to prevent another thread from initializing
// and racing the call to BNInitPlugins.
let _lock = INIT_LOCK
.lock()
.map_err(|_| InitializationError::InitMutex)?;
let session = Self::registered_session();
// Since this whole section is locked, we're guaranteed to be index 0 if we're first.
// Only the first thread hitting this should be allowed to call BNInitPlugins
if session.index == 0 {
init_with_opts(options)?;
}
Ok(session)
}
/// ```no_run
/// let headless_session = binaryninja::headless::Session::new().unwrap();
///
/// let bv = headless_session
/// .load("/bin/cat")
/// .expect("Couldn't open `/bin/cat`");
/// ```
pub fn load(&self, file_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Option<Ref<binary_view::BinaryView>> {
crate::load(file_path)
}
/// Load the file with a progress callback, the callback will _only_ be called for BNDBs currently.
///
/// ```no_run
/// let headless_session = binaryninja::headless::Session::new().unwrap();
///
/// let print_progress = |progress, total| {
/// println!("{}/{}", progress, total);
/// true
/// };
///
/// let bv = headless_session
/// .load_with_progress("cat.bndb", print_progress)
/// .expect("Couldn't open `cat.bndb`");
/// ```
pub fn load_with_progress(
&self,
file_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
progress: impl ProgressCallback,
) -> Option<Ref<binary_view::BinaryView>> {
crate::load_with_progress(file_path, progress)
}
/// ```no_run
/// use binaryninja::{metadata::Metadata, rc::Ref};
/// use std::collections::HashMap;
///
/// let settings: Ref<Metadata> =
/// HashMap::from([("analysis.linearSweep.autorun", false.into())]).into();
/// let headless_session = binaryninja::headless::Session::new().unwrap();
///
/// let bv = headless_session
/// .load_with_options("/bin/cat", true, Some(settings))
/// .expect("Couldn't open `/bin/cat`");
/// ```
pub fn load_with_options<O: IntoJson>(
&self,
file_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
update_analysis_and_wait: bool,
options: Option<O>,
) -> Option<Ref<binary_view::BinaryView>> {
crate::load_with_options(file_path, update_analysis_and_wait, options)
}
/// Load the file with options and a progress callback, the callback will _only_ be called for BNDBs currently.
///
/// ```no_run
/// use binaryninja::{metadata::Metadata, rc::Ref};
/// use std::collections::HashMap;
///
/// let print_progress = |progress, total| {
/// println!("{}/{}", progress, total);
/// true
/// };
///
/// let settings: Ref<Metadata> =
/// HashMap::from([("analysis.linearSweep.autorun", false.into())]).into();
/// let headless_session = binaryninja::headless::Session::new().unwrap();
///
/// let bv = headless_session
/// .load_with_options_and_progress("cat.bndb", true, Some(settings), print_progress)
/// .expect("Couldn't open `cat.bndb`");
/// ```
pub fn load_with_options_and_progress<O: IntoJson>(
&self,
file_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
update_analysis_and_wait: bool,
options: Option<O>,
progress: impl ProgressCallback,
) -> Option<Ref<binary_view::BinaryView>> {
crate::load_with_options_and_progress(
file_path,
update_analysis_and_wait,
options,
progress,
)
}
}
impl Drop for Session {
fn drop(&mut self) {
let previous_count = SESSION_COUNT.fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
if previous_count == 1 {
// We were the last session, therefor we can safely shut down.
shutdown();
}
}
}